UZMANĪBAS KOMPONENTU UN MŪZIKAS PARAMETRU MIJIEDARBE DZIRDES UZMANĪBAS TRENIŅPROGRAMMAS "AUT" KONTEKSTĀ
Atslēgvārdi:
dzirdes uzmanības treniņš, skaņu augstumi un ritma struktūras, treniņprogramma AUTAnotācija
Uzmanības sistēma ir svarīgs cilvēka funkcionēšanas aspekts. To raksturo kompleksa darbība, kuru savukārt iespaido smadzeņu dažādu centru funkcionāla mijiedarbe un savstarpēja kooperēšanās (Birbaumer, Schmidt 1996). Uzmanība ietekmē kognitīvos procesus kopumā – atbild par cilvēka vispārēju aktivizēšanos, informācijas uztveri un izvērtēšanu, patstāvīgu plānošanu. Līdzīgi citām bioloģiskajām sistēmām, arī uzmanībai ir sava anatomija, regulētājmehānismi un attīstība (Posner 2004). Uzmanības kā vienotas sistēmas pētījumi mūsdienās balstās uz vairākkārt pārbaudīto trīskomponentu teoriju, proti, trim funkcionāli un anatomiski atšķirīgiem komponentiem:
• aktivizēšanas funkciju (alerting), kas nodrošina uzmanības aktivizēšanos,
• pozicionēšanas funkciju (orienting) – nodrošina uzmanības fokusēšanu uz notikumu (kairinājumu),
• izpildes funkciju (executive function) – nodrošina uzmanības rīcību sarežģītā situācijā, kas prasa ātru izšķiršanos (reakciju) (Posner, Petersen 1990; Raz, Buhle 2006).
Pētījuma pamatā ir secinājumi par dzirdes uzmanības procesiem, mūzikas parametru lomu uzmanības sistēmas funkciju aktivizēšanā, kā arī par akustiskās informācijas kognitīvo apstrādi strukturētas apmācības rezultātā. Pētījuma gaitā tika izveidota struktūru sistēma, kas ietvēra divus mūzikas parametrus – augstumu un ritmu. Šī sistēma kalpo par pamatu tās datorizētajam modelim – apmācību programmai AUT (audiālās uzmanības treniņprogramma).
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